【TED演讲稿】每周4天工作制试行的情况|天天微资讯

TED演讲者：Juliet Schor / 朱丽叶·斯格尔

演讲标题：The case for a 4-day work week / 每周4天工作制试行的情况

(相关资料图)

内容概要：The traditional approach to work needs a redesign, says economist Juliet Schor. She's leading four-day work week trials in countries like the US and Ireland, and the results so far have been overwhelmingly positive: from increased employer and customer satisfaction to revenue growth and lower turnover. Making the case for a four-day, 32-hour work week (with five days of pay), Schor explains how this model for the future of work could address major challenges like burnout and the climate crisis -- and shares how companies and governments could work together to make it a reality.

经济学家朱丽叶·斯格尔说，传统的工作方式需要重新设计。她正在美国和爱尔兰等国家领导每周4天工作制的试验，迄今为止的结果非常积极：从提高雇主和客户满意度到收入增长和降低员工流失率。以每周工作4天、32小时(5天带薪)为例，肖尔解释了这种未来工作模式如何应对职业倦怠和气候危机等重大挑战，并分享了企业和政府如何共同努力使其成为现实。

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【1】I've been studying work since the 1980s, and I've never seen anything like what's happening today.

我从20世纪80年代 开始研究工作机制, 我从未见过像今天这样的情况。

【2】Pandemic-fueled anxiety is surging around the world.

大流行疫情引发的焦虑情绪 正在全球蔓延。

【3】In the US, more than half of all employees report feeling stressed a lot of the day.

在美国,超过一半的员工表示 每天都感到压力很大。

【4】Job quits are at record levels, running at four million a month.

辞职人数创历史新高, 每月400万人。

【5】People are burning out.

人们精疲力竭。

【6】In response, a growing number of companies are offering a four-day, 32-hour week, but with five days of pay.

作为回应, 越来越多的公司提供每周工作4天、 32小时的工作时间, 但5天带薪。

【7】Now, it's not a new idea, but the pandemic has turbocharged it.

现在,这不是一个新的想法, 但大流行疫情使其更加强劲。

【8】Employers are realizing that if they can rethink where people work, they can also rethink how many days they're on the job.

雇主们意识到, 如果他们可以重新考虑 员工的工作地点, 他们也可以重新考虑 员工的工作天数

【9】Sounds pretty great, but is it realistic?

听起来不错,但现实吗?

【10】Well, actually, yes.

实际上,是的。

【11】Unlike policies in which one party profits at the expense of another, the four-day week can benefit workers, companies and society, and it can even be a gateway for addressing climate change.

不同于以牺牲另一方利益 为代价的政策, 四天工作制有益于 员工、公司和社会, 它甚至可以成为 应对气候变化的途径。

【12】But first, let's talk about the workplace.

但首先,让我们谈谈工作场所。

【13】For nearly a decade, companies and governments have been experimenting with shorter hours with no cuts in pay.

近十年来, 公司和政府一直在尝试 在不减薪的情况下缩短工作时间。

【14】While the results do vary, the research shows that people are less stressed, value their jobs more and have better lives outside of work.

尽管结果有所不同, 研究均表明,人们的压力更小, 更重视自己的工作, 在工作之外过更好的生活。

【15】In most cases, they are as productive in four days as they are in five.

在大多数情况下, 他们四天的工作效率 和五天一样高。

【16】Companies can also see benefits through lower turnover and a higher-quality applicant pool.

企业也可以从较低的人员流动率 以及更高质量的申请者中获益。

【17】Less burnout reduces health care costs, mistakes and poor service.

减少职业倦怠可以减少医疗成本、 差错和糟糕的服务。

【18】With colleagues, I'm studying four-day week trials now in progress in the United States and Ireland, with summer start dates for the UK, New Zealand and Australia.

我和同事们一起, 我们正在研究美国和爱尔兰实行的四天工作制, 并将在夏天开始对英国、新西兰和澳大利亚的研究。

【19】We have thousands of employees participating.

我们有数千名员工参与其中。

【20】Healthwise, an education company, didn't wait for our trial to begin.

一家教育公司健康智慧, 没有等到我们的试验开始。

【21】In June, their employees were quitting in droves.

6月份,他们的员工纷纷辞职。

【22】By August, they'd implemented a four-day week.

到了8月,他们实施了 四天工作制。

【23】Six months later, CEO Adam Husney reports that people are dramatically happier and have never been more productive.

六个月后, 首席执行官亚当.哈斯尼报告称, 人们的幸福感显着提高, 并且达到了前所未有的水平。

【24】Resignations and sick days are down, revenue has grown and customer satisfaction scores are outstanding.

辞职和病假减少了, 收入持续增长 客户满意度得分也很高。

【25】Healthwise employees are spending their Fridays off doing family activities like sports or errands.

其员工会把周五的假期 花在家庭活动上, 比如运动或其他琐事。

【26】One mother of young children reported that now she can occasionally manage a guilt-free pedicure.

一位有小孩的母亲说,现在她偶尔可以做一次没有负罪感的足疗。

【27】The four-day week can help with self-care and managing the daily stresses of systemic racism, sexism and classism.

四天工作制有助于自我护理 管理日常的系统性种族主义、 性别歧视和阶级歧视的压力。

【28】Now a key part of the model is that in return for the gift of a day off, people are willing to squeeze all their productivity into four days.

这个模式的一个关键部分是, 作为一日假期礼物的回报, 人们愿意把所有的生产力 都挤在四天里。

【29】So while they may be spending less time at work, they're not necessarily doing less work.

所以,虽然他们在工作上 花的时间可能更少, 他们做的工作不一定更少。

【30】The secret sauce is work reorganization, cutting out the least productive activities.

秘诀是工作重组, 放弃那些效率最低的活动。

【31】Meetings are a prime target.

会议是一个主要目标。

【32】Yes, I see everyone nodding.

是的,我看到大家都在点头。

【33】Most companies reduce their frequency and length and the number of attendees.

大多数公司会减少 出席会议的频率、时间和人数。

【34】At Healthwise, people save time by messaging colleagues rather than making phone calls, which inevitably includes some social chatting.

在健康智慧, 人们通过给同事发信息 而不是打电话来节省时间, 因为电话不可避免地 包括一些社交聊天。

【35】They shifted personal tasks, like doctor's appointments, to the off-day.

他们会转移个人任务, 比如看医生, 在休息日完成。

【36】And yes, the pace of work at the office does go up.

是的,办公室的工作节奏 确实提高了。

【37】'"Let's be honest," one explained, "I'm not goofing off or looking at Facebook, which I was."

“老实说,”其中一人解释道, “我不像过去一样,不是在偷懒, 也不是在看脸书。”

【38】But people have adapted and they prefer getting their downtime as a whole day off rather than in snippets.

但人们已经适应了, 他们更喜欢一整天的休息, 而不是零碎的休息。

【39】Government initiatives have similar findings.

政府的倡议也有类似的发现。

【40】In 2015, the city of Reykjavik and then the National Government of Iceland started offering 36 and 35-hour weeks, eventually enrolling more than 2,500 employees.

2015年,雷克雅未克市 然后是冰岛国民政府 开始提供每周 36到35小时的工作, 最终招募2500多名员工。

【41】The results have been remarkable.

结果是显着的。

【42】Physical and mental stress went down while work ethic, job satisfaction, work-life balance, energy levels, all improved.

身体和精神压力都下降了, 而职业道德、工作满意度、 工作与生活的平衡、 精力水平都提高了。

【43】Productivity and service quality stayed the same or got better, and the trial was revenue-neutral.

生产率和服务质量 保持不变或有所改善, 而且这个试验的收入是中性的。

【44】Today, roughly 85 percent of all Icelandic employees are either on or eligible for these schedules.

如今,大约85%的冰岛员工 都正在享受或有资格 享受这些时间表。

【45】The governments of Spain and Scotland have announced four-day week trials in which they'll be subsidizing the fifth day's pay.

西班牙和苏格兰政府宣布 试行四天工作制, 他们将补贴第5天的工资。

【46】Now one reason for these successes is that with reduced work time, each hour typically becomes more productive.

这些成功的一个原因是, 随着工作时间的减少, 每个小时通常会变得更有效率。

【47】Norway and Denmark, the two European countries with the shortest average hours of work at about 1,380, have outsized productivity.

挪威和丹麦, 这两个欧洲国家平均工作时间最短, 约为1380小时, 有巨大的生产力。

【48】France and Germany are similar.

法国和德国的情况类似。

【49】In contrast, the long-hours countries like the UK and Italy have much, much lower productivity.

相比之下, 英国和意大利等工作时间较长的国家, 其生产率要低得多。

【50】The US historically led the world in productivity and would likely do better now if its work time weren't so high.

美国的生产力历来领先世界, 如果工作时间不那么长, 现在可能会做得更好。

【51】While tech firms comprise the biggest group adopting four-day reduced hours schedules, companies are also making the switch in banking, PR, marketing and design, nonprofits, consumer goods, even a restaurant chain.

虽然采用缩短工作时间4天工作制的 企业中,科技公司是最大的群体, 随着银行、公关、营销和设计、 非营利组织、消费品, 甚至是连锁餐厅的企业 也在进行这种转变。

【52】But it's also true that doing 100 percent of the work in 80 percent of the time isn't feasible everywhere.

但同样的事实是, 在80%的时间内完成100%的工作 并不是在任何地方都可行的。

【53】Manufacturing was sped up decades ago.

制造业在几十年前就加快了速度。

【54】Many teachers and flight attendants need to slow down, not intensify.

许多教师和空乘人员需要放慢脚步, 而不是加强力度。

【55】And of course, health care workers on the front lines of the pandemic need to work less, not more.

当然,在大流行前线的医护人员 需要减少工作, 而不是增加工作。

【56】Thank you, health care workers.

谢谢你们,医护人员。

【57】Here, another government effort is instructive.

在这方面,政府的另一项努力 具有启发性。

【58】In 2014, the city of Gothenburg in Sweden gave nurses at one of its facilities a six-hour day.

2014年,瑞典哥德堡市为护士 提供了每天6小时的工作时间。

【59】As expected, the nurses' health and overall well-being improved, as did productivity and patient care.

正如预期的那样,护士的健康 和整体福祉得到了改善, 生产力和病人护理也得到了改善。

【60】But in this trial, they hired new staff for the hours that weren't being covered.

但在这个试验中, 他们雇佣了新员工来处理 那些没有被覆盖的时间。

【61】The striking finding was how much lower sick pay and unemployment benefits helped offset those additional salaries.

令人震惊的发现是, 较低的病假工资和失业福利 在多大程度上抵消了这些额外工资。

【62】Now the Swedish case raises a bigger, more existential question.

现在,瑞典的案例引发了一个更大、 更关乎生死存亡的问题。

【63】How much time should we be dedicating to work?

我们应该投入多少时间在工作上?

【64】In many countries, jobs are getting more, not less demanding.

在许多国家, 工作岗位要求越来越高, 而不是越来越低。

【65】And scarcity thinking, the idea that even rich countries need to tighten their belts, has taken hold.

稀缺性思维, 即使是富裕国家 也需要勒紧裤腰带的想法, 已经站稳了脚跟。

【66】But really, we should be heading in the opposite direction as digitization and artificial intelligence offer the chance to reduce work time.

但实际上, 随着数字化和人工智能 提供了减少工作时间的机会, 我们应该朝着相反的方向前进。

【67】Amid pandemic fatigue, we should be doubling down on restoring the quality of life and our social fabric, especially in wealthy countries where we already produce enough for everyone to have a good standard of living.

在大流行期间, 我们应该加倍努力恢复生活质量 和我们的社会结构, 特别是在富裕国家, 我们已经生产了足以让每个人 都过上良好生活的产品。

【68】And this path has the added benefit of addressing the climate crisis.

这条道路还有 解决气候危机的额外好处。

【69】'"How so," you may ask.

你可能会问:“怎么会呢?”

【70】Well, with the four-day week, there's the obvious impact of less commuting.

在四天工作周中, 通勤时间的减少有明显的影响。

【71】But if we use productivity growth to continue to reduce hours of work just by a couple of percent a year, we can create a longer-term dynamic of decarbonization.

但是,如果我们利用生产力的增长, 继续每年减少百分之几的工作时间, 我们就可以创造 一个长期的动态脱碳。

【72】Research by me and others has shown this time and again across countries, across states, across households.

我和其他人的研究一次又一次地 在不同国家、不同州、 不同家庭中证明了这一点。

【73】One reason is that when people are time-stressed, they tend to choose faster and more polluting modes of travel and daily life activities.

原因之一是,当人们时间紧张时, 他们倾向于选择更快、污染更严重的 出行方式和日常生活活动。

【74】In contrast, when people get time rather than money, they tend to have a lower carbon footprint.

相比之下, 当人们有时间而不是金钱时, 他们往往会有更低的碳足迹。

【75】But the bigger reason has to do with the size of the economy.

但更重要的原因与经济规模有关。

【76】By opting to work less, countries are choosing not to expand production to its max, thereby avoiding additional emissions.

通过选择减少工作, 各国选择不将产量扩大到最大, 从而避免了额外的排放。

【77】Carbon success stories like Germany and Denmark tend to have low annual hours.

像德国和丹麦这样在碳排放方面取得成功的国家, 其年工作时间往往较低。

【78】France and the Netherlands are also low on both carbon and work time.

法国和荷兰的碳排放 和工作时间都很低。

【79】The four-day week is a down payment on a new way to live and work.

四天工作周是一种新的生活 和工作方式的首付。

【80】And yes, we're going to need government help if we're going to move beyond the innovative companies that already see its virtues.

是的,如果我们要超越 已经看到其优点创新公司的数量, 我们将需要政府的帮助。

【81】But as the three-day weekend spreads, we can realize everyone deserves a right to free time.

但随着为期三天的周末的蔓延, 我们可以意识到每个人 都应该有自由时间的权利。

【82】And that brings the logic of a universal basic income squarely into view.

这就把全民基本收入的逻辑 直接带入了视野。

【83】Because without financial support, low-earners can't afford to take that fifth day off.

因为如果没有经济支持, 低收入者就无法享受第5天的假期。

【84】There's a lot of talk these days about the future of work and the opportunities that it offers.

现在有很多人在谈论工作的未来 以及它所提供的机会。

【85】But there's more at stake here than opportunity.

但这里有比机会更重要的东西。

【86】We have an imperative.

我们有一个命当务之急

【87】An imperative to face the challenges of our current moment.

即我们必须面对当前的挑战。

【88】The pandemic, burnout and depression, inequalities of race and income, the climate crisis.

流行病、倦怠和抑郁, 种族和收入的不平等, 气候危机。

【89】A four-day week addresses each one of these.

四天工作周解决了 上述每一个问题。

【90】For now, we're starting company by company.

现在,我们正在一家一家地开始。

【91】But as momentum builds and it becomes universal, we'll have made the transition from scarcity thinking to appreciating the true wealth that we possess.

但随着动力的建立,它变得普遍, 我们将从稀缺思维 过渡到欣赏我们所拥有的真正财富。

【92】Our ingenuity, our compassion and our humanity.

我们的聪明才智, 我们的同情心 和我们的人性。

【93】Thank you.

谢谢你！

【94】Helen Walters: Juliet, thank you so much.

海伦.沃尔特斯:“朱丽叶, 非常感谢你。”

【95】I have a very practical question for you.

我有一个非常实际的问题要问你。

【96】So you mentioned in the talk that people were taking Friday off.

你在演讲中提到人们周五休假。

【97】Is the recommendation that people all take the same day off, or is this something that people can take, kind of, any day they want off?

是建议所有人都在同一天休假, 还是说这是人们可以在 任何一天休假的建议?

【98】What's the ideal mechanism to have in place here?

这里理想的机制是什么?”

【99】JS: Every company does it the way that works for them.

朱:“每个公司都以 适合自己的方式来做这件事。

【100】And that's one of the things in our trial.

这是我们试验的内容之一。

【101】We do coaching, and we work with the companies before they start to figure out are they a company that can shut down for one day?

我们提供指导,我们与这些公司合作, 在他们开始弄清楚他们是一家 可以关闭一天的公司之前?

【102】Do they need to have 24/7, you know, customer service available?

他们需要全天候的客户服务吗?

【103】So really, it depends, and we're seeing every type.

所以,我们就每一种类型, 视情况而定。”

【104】HW: Juliet, thank you so much.

海:“朱丽叶,非常感谢你。”

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